A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as a noun within a sentence. It can serve as the subject, object, complement, or object of a preposition. Noun clauses often begin with words such as "that," "whether," "if," "wh- words" (who, whom, whose, which, what), or "for."
1. As Subjects:
- What she said surprised everyone.
2. As Objects:
Direct Objects:
- He knows that you are coming.
Indirect Objects:
- She gave whoever needs it a copy of the report.
3. As Complements:
Predicate Nominatives:
- Her dream is to become a doctor.
Predicate Adjectives:
- His hope is that everything will be fine.
4. As Objects of Prepositions:
- She is worried about whether he will come.
In addition to noun clauses, there are several other noun structures in English that serve various grammatical functions within sentences.
1. Noun Phrases:
Noun phrases consist of a noun (or pronoun) and any modifiers, determiners, or complements that come before or after it. They can function as subjects, objects, complements, or objects of prepositions within sentences.
- The big brown dog chased the squirrel up the tree.
2. Gerunds:
Gerunds are verb forms that function as nouns, ending in "-ing". They can serve as subjects, objects, or complements in sentences.
- Swimming is my favorite form of exercise.
3. Infinitive Phrases:
Infinitive phrases consist of the word "to" followed by the base form of the verb, along with any modifiers or complements. They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs within sentences.
- She has a desire to travel the world.
4. Appositives:
Appositives are noun phrases that provide additional information or clarification about another noun or pronoun in a sentence. They are often set off by commas.
- My friend, a talented musician, played the piano at the concert.
5. Expletive Nouns:
Expletive nouns, also known as dummy pronouns, are placeholders that fill the subject position in sentences where there is no real subject. Common expletive nouns include "it" and "there."
- It is important to stay hydrated during hot weather.