Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns include this/these and that/those. They are used to indicate how far an object or a person is from the speaker. 

1. This is used to refer to a singular object or person that is close to the speaker.

             This is my book = the speaker is holding the book or it is nearby

2. That is used to refer to a singular object or person that is farther away from the speaker.

             That is my book = the book is further away from the speaker

3. These is used to refer to plural objects or people that are close to the speaker.

              These are my books = the speaker is holding the books or they are nearby 

4. Those is used to refer to plural objects or people that are farther away from the speaker.

              Those are my books = the books are further away from the speker